Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 01 Sept 2009

Influence of Pattern Void on Hydroplaning and Related Target Conflicts4

,
, and
Page Range: 187 – 206
DOI: 10.2346/1.3137087
Save
Download PDF

Abstract

Performance prediction of hydroplaning via coupling of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and FE modeling has delivered a detailed insight into the local mechanisms and root causes of hydroplaning but is still very time consuming and extensive.

The goal of the present work is the development of simple rules of thumb and easy to understand models to give the tire designer a quick approach to optimize the hydroplaning performance of his design concepts including the target conflicting trade-offs.

Based on the DOE study covering basic winter and summer tread patterns and tread compounds taking into account interactions, total void, longitudinal, and lateral void distributions have been varied. Experimental designs have been tested concerning longitudinal hydroplaning behavior on front and rear driven cars and lateral hydroplaning. Most important target conflicting performance criteria such as wet and dry braking, noise, rolling resistance, winter traction, and force and moment characteristics among others have been tested additionally.

The existing models using hydrodynamic pressure influences have been reviewed and extended. A simple to use development tool has been programed to quantify pattern design to get a quick prediction of tire performance changes (“Void Slider”).

Keywords: tread pattern void; hydroplaning; tire performance; target conflict; design of experiment; user interface
Copyright: The Tire Society
FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.

Market penetration of ESC control systems–original equipment cars.

FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.

Pattern development: example for design targets, performance specifications, and induced pattern development cycle.

FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.

Hierarchy of design verification tools.

FIG. 4.
FIG. 4.

Total void/performance balance for winter patterns.

FIG. 5.
FIG. 5.

Rib sinkage model.

FIG. 6.
FIG. 6.

Two-phase model for block/contact patch sinkage.

FIG. 7.
FIG. 7.

Three-dimensional design of experiment for variations in a technical winter tread pattern in void average, void location, and void orientation variations, realized in a soft full silica winter compound (●) and a standard hard part silica winter compound (◻).

FIG. 8.
FIG. 8.

Three-dimensional design of experiment for variations in a simplified serial summer tread pattern in void average, void location, and void orientation variations, realized in a full silica summer compound (▲) with 69 ShA (RT).

FIG. 9.
FIG. 9.

Influence of average void variation in winter tires on hydroplaning front and rear driven and hydroplaning lateral tests. Soft compound variants with 50 ShA (RT) are symbolized with “●,” hard compound variants with 66 ShA are symbolized with ◻.

FIG. 10.
FIG. 10.

Influence of average void variation in summer tires on hydroplaning front and rear driven and hydroplaning lateral tests. The applied compound variant with 69 ShA (RT) is herein symbolized with ▲.

FIG. 11.
FIG. 11.

Influence of void orientation in winter tires on hydroplaning front and rear driven and hydroplaning lateral test. Soft compound variants with 50 ShA (RT) are symbolized with ● and hard compound variants with 66 ShA are symbolized with ◻.

FIG. 12.
FIG. 12.

Influence of void orientation in summer tires on hydroplaning rear driven and hydroplaning lateral test. The applied compound variant with 69 ShA (RT) is herein symbolized with ▲.

FIG. 13.
FIG. 13.

Influence of void location in winter tires on hydroplaning front and rear driven and hydroplaning lateral tests. Soft compound variants with 50 ShA (RT) are symbolized with ● and hard compound variants with 66 ShA are symbolized with ◻.

FIG. 14.
FIG. 14.

Influence of void location in summer tires on hydroplaning front and rear driven and hydroplaning lateral tests. The applied compound variant with 69 ShA (RT) is herein symbolized with ▲.

FIG. 15.
FIG. 15.

Effect of void parameters on hydroplaning.

FIG. 16.
FIG. 16.

User interface void slider for the results of the winter tire program.

  • Download PDF