Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 01 Mar 2011

Experimental and numerical study of friction and .giffness characteristics of small rolling tires

,
, and
Page Range: 5 – 19
DOI: 10.2346/1.3555134
Save
Download PDF

Abstract

Virtual testing is nowadays the standard in the design process of new tires. Besides modeling the static response of the tire itself, the dynamics of a rolling tire in contact with the road needs to be incorporated. Due to the uncontrollable environmental conditions and the complex structure of the tires, it is advantageous to use small-scale testing under more controlled conditions. Experimental characterization of frictional properties of rubber compounds is, however, limited due to the necessity of complex measurement systems. In this paper a commercially available laboratory abrasion and skid tester is used to ide.gify both friction and .giffness characteristics of the same rubber compound. The obtained friction properties are implemented in a finite element model of the setup, and different validation steps are presented. Finally, a steady-state transport approach is used to efficiently compute a steady-state solution, which is compared with the experimental results. The numerical results show a good qualitative agreement with the experimental results.

Keywords: tire characteristics; friction experiments; finite element method; arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian
Copyright: The Tire Society
FIG. 1
FIG. 1

(a) The Laboratory Abrasion and skid Tester 100. (b) Schematic top and side views of the setup.

FIG. 2
FIG. 2

Difference in stress distributions of the (a) detailed and (b) simplified models and (c) the mesh layout of the simplified model.

FIG. 3
FIG. 3

Position of the origin of the ABAQUS) coordinate system.

FIG. 4
FIG. 4

(a) Measured and simulated areas of the contact patch under static load. (b) Corresponding average contact pressure based on the measured contact area.

FIG. 5
FIG. 5

(a) Measurements of the lateral force divided by the normal force at different loads at 0.1 km/h and both power law and linear least squares error fit through the data points. (b) Corresponding μ(p) curves for the power law and linear model.

FIG. 6
FIG. 6

Longitudinal forces for experiments and both the hyperelastic and viscoelastic power law models under three normal loads at 0.1 km/h.

FIG. 7
FIG. 7

Longitudinal force for experiments and both friction models at 0.1 km/h under (a) 40, (b) 75, and (c) 120 N normal loads.

FIG. 8
FIG. 8

Lateral force for experiments and both friction models at 0.1 km/h under (a) 40, (b) 75, and (c) 120 N normal loads.

FIG. 9
FIG. 9

Lateral force for experiments and both friction models at 0.1 km/h under 75 N normal load for small slip angles.

FIG. 10
FIG. 10

Cornering .giffness at different loads.

  • Download PDF