Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 01 Jun 2011

Experimental and Numerical Study of Friction and Braking Characteristics of Rolling Tires

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Page Range: 62 – 78
DOI: 10.2346/1.3593664
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Abstract

Throughout the tire industry, virtual testing has been widely adopted in the design process. Both static deformation and dynamic response of the tire rolling on the road must be accurately predicted to evaluate the handling performance of a tire. Unfortunately, experimental characterization of rubber compound frictional properties is limited, and therefore, the Coulomb friction model is still often used in finite element (FE) simulations. To overcome this limitation, a different strategy is developed to capture observed effects of dry friction. The proposed friction model is decomposed into the product of a contact pressure dependent part and a slip velocity dependent part. The Identification of the parameters of the slip velocity dependent part, using measured axle forces, is presented in this paper. The complete phenomenological friction model is coupled to a FE model of the tire under testing. A steady-state transport approach is used to efficiently compute the steady-state longitudinal slip characteristics, which show good quantitative agreement with experiments.

Keywords: tire characteristics; friction experiments; finite element method; arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian
Copyright: The Tire Society
FIG. 1
FIG. 1

Schematic overview of the two step experimental/numerical approach to obtain friction information using both lab and full-scale experiments.

FIG. 2
FIG. 2

TNO Tyre Test Trailer.

FIG. 3
FIG. 3

Schematic overview of the identification procedure.

FIG. 4
FIG. 4

Velocity part of the global friction coefficient as function of |κ| for five forward velocities.

FIG. 5
FIG. 5

Data points of one velocity used for the identification of μ s and μ m .

FIG. 6
FIG. 6

Obtained parameter values of μm as function of forward velocity.

FIG. 7
FIG. 7

Obtained parameter values of μs as function of forward velocity.

FIG. 8
FIG. 8

a) Schematic overview simulation procedure to obtain braking characteristic of a rolling tire. b) Nonuniform discretization of the FE tire.

FIG. 9
FIG. 9

Longitudinal force as function of longitudinal slip for both the Magic Formula (MF) and FEM at 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 times the load index.

FIG. 10
FIG. 10

Longitudinal force as a function of longitudinal slip for both MF and FE model for two values of κmax at 0.8 times the load index.

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