Editorial Type:
Article Category: Other
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Online Publication Date: 01 Apr 2015

Holistic Analysis of the Coupled Vehicle-Tire-Pavement System for the Design of Durable Pavements

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Page Range: 86 – 116
DOI: 10.2346/tire.15.430203
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ABSTRACT

Pavements—an important part of worldwide infrastructure—are exposed to increasing traffic loads, new tire and vehicle concepts, and climate change. The future design of durable pavement structures requires a deep knowledge of the interactions in the coupled system of vehicle, tire, and pavement and the structural behavior of each subsystem. This paper includes recent research results in the field of tire and pavement modeling and their interaction. Furthermore, the concept for a holistic analysis of the coupled vehicle-tire-pavement system for the design of durable pavements is presented.

For a realistic and numerical efficient computation of tire-pavement interaction that considers rolling contact, both subsystems are modeled using the finite element (FE) method based on an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation that includes inelastic material descriptions. Additionally, thermo-mechanical effects are considered for the tire computation. The base of the structural FE-ALE pavement model is the realistic numerical description of the elastic, viscous, and plastic behavior of asphalt mixes.

Although initial results in the field of tire-pavement interaction were reached, much research has to be carried out to gain deeper knowledge of the coupled vehicle-tire-pavement system that includes detailed models of the subsystems and their interaction, as well as experimental investigations. The research group FOR 2089 will deal with this topic and will take the different length and timescales in particular into account.

Keywords: tire-pavement interaction; arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation; inelastic material; thermo-mechanical analysis; steady state rolling
FIG. 1
FIG. 1

Reference and current configuration of tire-pavement interaction.

FIG. 2
FIG. 2

Rheology of rubber material: (a) volumetric part; (b) isochoric part.

FIG. 3
FIG. 3

OTR tire rolling on rigid surface: (a) FE model with reference node R (wheel center) and vertical displacement uz (positive to the ground); (b) displacement uz as function of the tire's operation time at constant speed of 50 km/h in positive x-direction.

FIG. 4
FIG. 4

Evolution of the footprint (contour and contact pressure isobars) at different points in time: static tire (ground state elastic tire), rolling tire (viscoelastic tire).

FIG. 5
FIG. 5

Temperature change in the tire cross-section after 1800 s of rolling at 50 km/h: (a) cross-sectional distribution of the temperature change (geometry of cross-section unproportionally scaled); (b) temperature change of three points (belt edge, sidewall, and tread) as function of the tire's operation time.

FIG. 6
FIG. 6

Rheology of asphalt material: (a) volumetric part; (b) isochoric part.

FIG. 7
FIG. 7

Longitudinal strain in test sample.

FIG. 8
FIG. 8

ALE kinematic.

FIG. 9
FIG. 9

FE mesh and loading of the soft soil.

FIG. 10
FIG. 10

Vertical displacements and remaining rut of the soft soil after one tire overrun: (a) full system; (b) cut A-A.

FIG. 11
FIG. 11

Coupled tire-pavement computation.

FIG. 12
FIG. 12

Vertical displacements of (a) pavement structure, (b) pavement surface in contact area, and (c) tire structure.

FIG. 13
FIG. 13

Vertical displacements of the pavement surface along the middle of the wheel track.

FIG. 14
FIG. 14

Vertical stress σ3 of the pavement along the middle of the wheel track.

FIG. 15
FIG. 15

Horizontal stress σ1 of the pavement along the middle of the wheel track.

FIG. 16
FIG. 16

Vertical tire contact stress: (a) on undeformed surface; (b) on deformed surface.

FIG. 17
FIG. 17

Longitudinal tire contact shear stress: (a) on undeformed surface; (b) on deformed surface.

FIG. 18
FIG. 18

Lateral tire contact shear stress: (a) on undeformed surface; (b) on deformed surface.

FIG. 19
FIG. 19

Temporal multi-scale analysis.

FIG. 20
FIG. 20

Meso-model of asphalt.

FIG. 21
FIG. 21

Triaxial test machine [38].

FIG. 22
FIG. 22

Vehicle multi-body system.

Contributor Notes

2 Corresponding author; Email: michael.kaliske@tu-dresden.de
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