Understanding Tire Dynamic Characteristics for Vehicle Dynamics Ride Using Simulation Methods
The dynamic characteristics of a tire are studied by simulating its rolling over a cleat and observing the effect on in-plane rigid belt vibration modes. Three modeling approaches are used to understand various tire design parameters affecting the tire dynamics relevant for vehicle ride performance. First, a simplified three-degree-of-freedom rigid ring model is used for fundamental understanding of these modes. Next, a detailed finite element model accounting for component compliances is used for studying the sensitivity of the modes to most common design parameter variations employed in tire development. Finally, to study these tire design changes in operation, vehicle simulations using CarSim and FTire models are performed. FTire model parameters corresponding to tire design parameters are adjusted accordingly. Observations are reported of the effects of tire design parameters on cleat responses and on correlation of results between finite element and FTire models.ABSTRACT
Rigid modes of vibration of tire under unloaded and loaded condition [4].
Time domain force response of a tire rolling over a cleat at pinned axle condition, at Vx = 30 kph and 90 kph.
Frequency domain force response of tire rolling over at cleat at pinned axle condition (left, longitudinal; right, vertical).
3 DOF rigid ring model representing a loaded tire on a pinned axle/spindle.
Time response of the rigid ring model; bottom is zooming into approximately two cycles of a larger-amplitude, lower-frequency in-phase mode.
Frequency response (magnitude and phase angle) of rigid ring model.
Sensitivity of in-phase and anti-phase modes.
Finite element model of a tire.
In-phase, anti-phase, and vertical modes of a finite element tire model.
Sensitivity of in-phase mode to tire component stiffness and inertia.
Sensitivity of anti-phase mode to tire component stiffness and inertia.
Sensitivity of vertical mode to tire components stiffness and inertia.
Sensitivity to tread stiffness: frequency response at the front axle for vehicle rolling over a cleat (1 cm × 1 cm) at Vx = 30 kph (left) and 100 kph (right).
Sensitivity to tread damping: frequency response at the front axle for vehicle rolling over a cleat (1 cm × 1 cm) at Vx = 100 kph.
Sensitivity to longitudinal stiffness: frequency response at the front axle for vehicle rolling over a cleat (1 cm × 1 cm) at Vx = 30 kph (left) and 100 kph (right).
Sensitivity to vertical stiffness: frequency response at the front axle for vehicle rolling over a cleat (1 cm × 1 cm) at Vx = 30 kph (left) and 100 kph (right).
Sensitivity to percentage of belt mass: frequency response at the front axle for vehicle rolling over a cleat (1 cm × 1 cm) at Vx = 30 kph (left) and 100 kph (right).
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