Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 18 Oct 2019

Effects of Different Tire Operating Conditions on Transient Lateral Tire Response

,
,
, and
Page Range: 19 – 38
DOI: 10.2346/tire.19.180194
Save
Download PDF

ABSTRACT

The concept of the relaxation length is often used to describe a tire's transient response. This paper investigates how the transient response changes under different operating conditions. Through the measurement of tire forces and tire deformations during transient maneuvers performed on an indoor flat-belt tire test machine, experimental data were used to calculate various tire stiffnesses and the associated relaxation lengths using a novel method via optimization.

With this methodology, the effects of tire load, inflation pressure, speed, and temperature on these stiffnesses and the relaxation length have been identified. The mechanisms behind these effects are discussed with a particular focus on the influence of temperature.

Keywords: relaxation length; transient response; temperature; speed; modeling; testing
FIG. 1
FIG. 1

Normalized response of a first-order system to a step input.

FIG. 2
FIG. 2

Step-steer test, variant 1.

FIG. 3
FIG. 3

Step-steer test, variant 2.

FIG. 4
FIG. 4

Relaxation length measurement from experimental data.

FIG. 5
FIG. 5

Normalized first-order frequency response of a tire with relaxation length σ = 1 m, traveling at a forward speed u = 1 ms−1, to a sinusoidal slip-sweep input.

FIG. 6
FIG. 6

Static lateral stiffness measurement.

FIG. 7
FIG. 7

Simulink® model for the identification via optimization method.

FIG. 8
FIG. 8

Results from the identification via optimization method vs data.

FIG. 9
FIG. 9

Command slip angle vs time.

FIG. 10
FIG. 10

Tread surface temperature effect on relaxation length.

FIG. 11
FIG. 11

Tread surface temperature effect on cornering stiffness.

FIG. 12
FIG. 12

Effect of internal temperature on cornering stiffness.

FIG. 13
FIG. 13

Effect of internal temperature on relaxation length.

FIG. 14
FIG. 14

Optical measurement of the sidewall lateral deformation.

FIG. 15
FIG. 15

Lateral stiffness measurement from the laser data.

FIG. 16
FIG. 16

Lateral stiffness vs speed at different pressures.

FIG. 17
FIG. 17

Instantaneous cornering stiffness vs speed for different tires.

Contributor Notes

1 Corresponding author. Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK. Email: M.Furlan-Tassara@lboro.ac.uk.
2 Tire Research Facility, Calspan Corporation, 4455 Genesee Street, Buffalo, New York 14225, USA. Email: Henning.olsson@calspan.com
3 Tyre CAE, Chassis Engineering, Jaguar Land Rover, Banbury Road, Gaydon, CV35 0RR, UK. Email: mgladsto@jaguarlandrover.com
4 Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK. Email: G.Mavros@lboro.ac.uk
  • Download PDF