Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 15 Oct 2024

Target Conflict for Force Transmission in Lateral and Longitudinal Direction of Rotated Tread Block Samples on Different Road Surfaces (Dry, Wet, Snow, and Ice)

,
,
,
, and
Page Range: 210 – 224
DOI: 10.2346/TST-22-011
Save
Download PDF

ABSTRACT

It is known that different weather conditions require a specific design to take into account the main mechanisms acting between the tire tread block and the road surface. When developing all-season tires, additional research is necessary to find the best solution considering various road conditions. This paper analyzes the influence of the inclination angle of tire tread blocks and the tire tread blocks siping design on different surfaces on the friction forces in lateral and longitudinal directions. The tests were conducted on the hybrid test rig Realistic Pattern Testing in Lab at the Institute for Dynamics and Vibration Research of the Leibniz University of Hanover with different single tread blocks. Tire tread blocks with different numbers of sipes were rotated with an angle between 0° to 90° in 15° increments. To simulate different road conditions, artificially produced ice and snow tracks and real road wet and dry asphalt were used. For a better understanding of the mechanisms, high-speed images of the same samples sliding over a wet glass track were taken from below.

On the one hand, the measurement results and videos help to understand the influence of the inclination angle of a tread block sample on the friction process and show the different friction mechanisms on different surfaces and resulting forces in the two directions. On the other hand, the results show clear favorites for optimizing performance on individual surfaces.

Keywords: tire tread block; target conflict; lab testing
FIG. 1 —
FIG. 1 —

RepTiL test rig [2].

FIG. 2 —
FIG. 2 —

Sample movement of the first three phases; traction (left); braking (right).

FIG. 3 —
FIG. 3 —

Sample geometries: (a) 0° block sample (0 s 0 deg); (b) 45° block sample with four sipes (4 s 45 deg); top view of the sample on the left, side view on the right.

FIG. 4 —
FIG. 4 —

Performance of a sample with three sipes under variation of block rotation for traction on snow.

FIG. 5 —
FIG. 5 —

Lateral force of samples with three sipes under variation of block rotation for traction on snow.

FIG. 6 —
FIG. 6 —

Friction coefficient (µ) of a sample with three sipes versus the variation of block rotation for traction on smooth and rough ice.

FIG. 7 —
FIG. 7 —

Lateral forces of samples with three sipes under variation of block rotation for traction on rough ice.

FIG. 8 —
FIG. 8 —

Friction force for traction (left) and braking (right) for variation of block rotation with one sipe on wet glass.

FIG. 9 —
FIG. 9 —

Formation of dry zones on a wet glass surface with 0° block rotation sample without sipes (left) and 45° sample for traction with one sipe (right); images from a high-speed video.

FIG. 10 —
FIG. 10 —

Performance comparison of different numbers of sipes for 0° block rotation and 45° block rotation samples for traction on wet glass.

FIG. 11 —
FIG. 11 —

Longitudinal (left) and lateral (right) friction force for a three-siped sample under variation of block rotation for traction on wet asphalt.

FIG. 12 —
FIG. 12 —

Longitudinal and lateral friction force for a 45° rotated sample with variation of number of sipes for traction on wet asphalt.

FIG. 13 —
FIG. 13 —

Performance of a sample with three sipes under the variation of block rotation for traction on wet asphalt surface.

Contributor Notes

1  Institute for Dynamic and Vibrations Research, An der Universität 1, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
2  Corresponding author. Email: heidelberger@ids.uni-hannover.de
3  Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH, Jädekamp 30, 30419 Hannover
  • Download PDF