ABSTRACT

Rubber friction is a complex phenomenon that is composed of different contributions. Because it always consists of a friction pairing, the road surface topology has a main impact on the adhesive and sliding characteristics in the rubber-road interaction. New manufacturing processes offer the means to develop specific road surfaces. By using a modified three-dimensional (3D) printing method based on selective laser melting with stainless steel, it is possible to create any desired surface up to a resolution of 20 μm. In this work, several metallic surfaces are built for two separate purposes. First, the rubber-road interaction is analyzed and compared for metal and asphalt. Second, theoretical friction laws are investigated with synthetic surfaces. Toward this aim, the friction coefficients are measured in both dry and wet conditions. A multiscale approach for friction properties on different length scales is implemented to accumulate the micro and mesoscopic friction into a macroscopic friction coefficient. On each length scale, a homogenization procedure generates the friction features as a function of slip velocity and contact pressure for the next coarser scale. Within the multiscale approach, adhesion implemented as nonlinear traction separation law is assumed to act only on microscopic length scales. By using the finite element method, the sensitivity of the influencing factors, such as macroscopic slip and load conditions, is investigated. The friction loss from dry to wet conditions cannot be explained by loss of adhesion alone. Hysteresis has to be affected as well. A possible hypothesis for this is the trapped water pools in the texture. The road surface is effectively smoothed and thus hysteresis reduced. To verify this hypothesis, a hysteretic friction model is calibrated to dry measurements. The cavities in the modeled texture are then filled incrementally to simulate various amounts of trapped water.

ABSTRACT

The idea of intelligent tires is to develop a tire into an active perception component or a force sensor with an embedded microsensor, such as an accelerometer. A tire rolling kinematics model is necessary to link the acceleration measured with the tire body elastic deformation, based on which the tire forces can be identified. Although intelligent tires have attracted wide interest in recent years, a theoretical model for the rolling kinematics of acceleration fields is still lacking. Therefore, this paper focuses on an explicit formulation for the tire rolling kinematics of acceleration, thereby providing a foundation for the force identification algorithms for an accelerometer-based intelligent tire. The Lagrange–Euler method is used to describe the acceleration field and contact deformation of rolling contact structures. Then, the three-axis acceleration vectors can be expressed by coupling rigid body motion and elastic deformation. To obtain an analytical expression of the full tire deformation, a three-dimensional tire ring model is solved with the tire–road deformation as boundary conditions. After parameterizing the ring model for a radial tire, the developed method is applied and validated by comparing the calculated three-axis accelerations with those measured by the accelerometer. Based on the features of acceleration, especially the distinct peak values corresponding to the tire leading and trailing edges, an intelligent tire identification algorithm is established to predict the tire–road contact length and tire vertical load. A simulation and experiments are conducted to verify the accuracy of the estimation algorithm, the results of which demonstrate good agreement. The proposed model provides a solid theoretical foundation for an acceleration-based intelligent tire.

ABSTRACT

The tire establishes the contact between the vehicle and the road. It transmits all forces and moments to the road via its contact patch or footprint and vice versa. The visual inspection of this contact patch using modern optical equipment and image processing techniques is essential for evaluating tire performance. Quantitative image-based analysis can be useful for accurate determination of tire footprint under various operating conditions. Very frequently, methods used in tire footprint segmentation cannot be assessed quantitatively due to the lack of a reference contact area to which the different algorithms could be compared. In this work, we present a novel methodology to characterize the dynamic tire footprint and evaluate the quality of its segmentation from various video sequences in the absence of a ground truth.

accelerometer

Tire Rolling Kinematics Model for an Intelligent Tire Based on an Accelerometer (Y. Wang, Z. Liu, M. Kaliske, and Y. Wei), 288–315 (2020)

aerodynamic noise

A Calculational Aero-Acoustic Study of Spokes of an Isolated Nonpneumatic Tire (M. Huang, H. Zhou, K. Li, and G. Wang), 46–61 (2020)

ANOVA

Objective Tire Footprint Segmentation Assessment from High-Speed Videos (R. Nava, D. Fehr, F. Petry, and T. Tamisier), 316–329 (2020)

block copolymers

Effects of Copolymer Sequence on Adsorption and Dynamics Near Nanoparticle Surfaces in Simulated Polymer Nanocomposites (A. J. Trazkovich, T. H. Akyuz, and L. M. Hall), 62–75 (2020)

calculational aero-acoustics

Comparison Between Tire Rolling Resistance Measurements on a Flat Track and a Test Drum Under Non-Steady-State Conditions

Lisa Ydrefors,

Mattias Hjort,

Sogol Kharrazi,

Jenny Jerrelind, and

Annika Stensson Trigell

Using a New 3D-Printing Method to Investigate Rubber Friction Laws on Different Scales

ABSTRACT

Tire Rolling Kinematics Model for an Intelligent Tire Based on an Accelerometer

ABSTRACT

Objective Tire Footprint Segmentation Assessment from High-Speed Videos

ABSTRACT

Test and Simulation Analysis of Tire Inflation Pressure Loss

ABSTRACT

Tire Science and Technology

Author Index to Volume 48

2020

A

C

D

E

F

Tire Science and Technology

Keyword Index to Volume 48

2020

Comparison Between Tire Rolling Resistance Measurements on a Flat Track and a Test Drum Under Non-Steady-State Conditions

Critical Plane Analysis of Surface-Proximal Fields for the Simulation of Thermo-Mechanical Wear

Enhancing Tire Model Parameterization for Rollover Simulation: A Validated Approach

Research on Fast and Efficient Virtual Sample Delivery Method of Tire Mechanical Characteristics

Prediction of the Frictional Power Distribution in the Tire Contact Patch Based on an Empirical Tire Model and an Artificial Neural Network